Canadian HSS Commons - Wiki: Help: Wiki Math

The Wiki supports LaTeX markup:

$$pi=\frac{3}{4} \sqrt{3}+24 \int_0^{1/4}{\sqrt{x-x^2}dx}$$

Mathematical Formula (LaTeX) can be inserted into text like this:

<math>Insert formula here</math>

For example:


…displays $$\alpha^2+\beta^2=1$$

 Displaying a Formula 
The Wiki uses a subset of TeX markup, including some extensions from LaTeX and AMSLaTeX, for mathematical formulae. It generates either PNG images or simple HTML markup, depending on the complexity of the expression. While it can generate MathML, it is not currently used due to limited browser support. As browsers become more advanced and support for MathML becomes more wide-spread, this could be the preferred method of output as images have very real disadvantages.

 Syntax 
Math markup goes inside <math> ... </math>.

Pros of HTML
 In-line HTML formulae always align properly with the rest of the HTML text.
 The formula’s background, font size and face match the rest of HTML contents and the appearance respects CSS and browser settings.
 Pages using HTML will load faster.

 Pros of TeX 
 TeX is semantically superior to HTML. In TeX, “x“ means “mathematical variable $$x$$“, whereas in HTML “x“ could mean anything. Information has been irrevocably lost.
 TeX has been specifically designed for typesetting formulae, so input is easier and more natural, and output is more aesthetically pleasing.
 One consequence of point 1 is that TeX can be transformed into HTML, but not vice-versa. This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc. Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of TeX. It’s true that the current situation is not ideal, but that’s not a good reason to drop information/contents. It’s more a reason to [improve the situation].
 Another consequence of point 1 is that TeX can be converted to MathML for browsers which support it, thus keeping its semantics and allowing it to be rendered vectorially.
 When writing in TeX, editors need not worry about whether this or that version of this or that browser supports this or that HTML entity. The burden of these decisions is put on the server. This doesn’t hold for HTML formulae, which can easily end up being rendered wrongly or differently from the editor’s intentions on a different browser.
 TeX is the preferred text formatting language of most professional mathematicians, scientists, and engineers. It is easier to persuade them to contribute if they can write in TeX.

 Example Formulas 
The following are a few examples of formulas:

<math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>

$$\sqrt{1-e^2}$$

$$\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}$$

{{{$$ax^2 + bx + c = 0$$}}}
$$ax^2 + bx + c = 0$$

{{{$$\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx$$}}}
$$\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx$$

 Functions, symbols, special characters 
 Accents/Diacritics 
	
		
			 `\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}` 
			 $$\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}$$ 
		
		
			 `\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}` 
			$$\ \check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}$$ 
		
	
 Standard functions 
	
		
			 `\sin a \cos b \tan c`
			 $$\ \sin a \cos b \tan c$$ 
		
		
			 `\sec d \csc e \cot f`
			 $$\sec d \csc e \cot f\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j`
			 $$\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n`
			 $$\ \sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n$$ 
		
		
			 `\operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q`
			 $$\ \operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q$$ 
		
		
			 `\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t`
			 $$\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y` 
			 $$\ \lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y$$ 
		
		
			 `\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g` 
			$$\ \inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g$$ 
		
		
			 `\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n` 
			 $$\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Modular arithmetic 
	
		
			 `s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}` 
			 $$s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}\,\! $$ 
		
		
			 `a\,\bmod\,b` 
			 $$a\,\bmod\,b\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Derivatives 
	
		
			 `\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}` 
			 $$\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}$$ 
		
	
 Sets 
	
		
			 `\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing` 
			 $$\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq` 
			 $$\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus` 
			 $$\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup` 
			 $$\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Operators 
	
		
			 `+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp – ` 
			 $$+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot` 
			 $$\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}` 
			 $$\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Logic 
	
		
			 `\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p` 
			 $$\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And` 
			 $$\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Root 
	
		
			 `\sqrt{2} \sqrtn{x}` 
			 $$\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Relations 
	
		
			 `\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}` 
			 $$\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto` 
			 $$\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Geometric 
	
		
			 `\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ` 
			 $$\Diamond \, \Box \, \triangle \, \angle \perp \, \mid \; \nmid \, \| 45^\circ\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Arrows 
	
		
			 `\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \not\to \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow` 
			 $$\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \not\to \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)` 
			 $$\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow` 
			 $$\ \uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow$$ 
		
		
			 `\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons` 
			 $$\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright` 
			 $$\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft` 
			 $$\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow ` 
			 $$\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,\!$$ 
		
	
 Special 
	
		
			 `\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots` 
			 $$\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top` 
			 $$\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar` 
			 $$\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement` 
			 $$\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp` 
			 $$\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Unsorted (new stuff) 
	
		
			 `\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown` 
			 $$ \vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown$$ 
		
		
			 `\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge` 
			 $$\ \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge$$ 
		
		
			 `\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes` 
			 $$ \veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes$$ 
		
		
			 `\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant` 
			 $$ \rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant$$ 
		
		
			 `\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq` 
			 $$ \eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq$$ 
		
		
			 `\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft` 
			 $$ \fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft$$ 
		
		
			 `\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot` 
			 $$ \Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot$$ 
		
		
			 `\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq` 
			 $$ \ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq$$ 
		
		
			 `\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork` 
			 $$ \Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork$$ 
		
		
			 `\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq` 
			 $$ \varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq$$ 
		
		
			 `\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid` 
			 $$ \lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid$$ 
		
		
			 `\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr` 
			 $$ \nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr$$ 
		
		
			 `\subsetneq` 
			 $$\subsetneq$$ 
		
		
			 `\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq` 
			 $$ \ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq$$ 
		
		
			 `\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq` 
			 $$ \succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq$$ 
		
		
			 `\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq` 
			 $$ \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq$$ 
		
		
			 `\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus` 
			 $$\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq` 
			 $$\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel` 
			 $$\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner` 
			 $$\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner$$ 
		
	
 Larger Expressions 
 Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars 
	
		
			 Feature 
			 Syntax 
			 How it looks rendered 
		
		
			 Bad 
			 `( \frac{1}{2} )` 
			 $$( \frac{1}{2} )$$ 
		
		
			 Good 
			 `\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )` 
			 $$\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )$$ 
		
	
You can use various delimiters with \left and \right: 

	
		
			 Feature 
			 Syntax 
			 How it looks rendered 
		
		
			 Parentheses 
			 `\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )` 
			 $$\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )$$ 
		
		
			 Brackets 
			 `\left \frac{a}{b} \right \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack` 
			 $$\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack$$ 
		
		
			 Braces 
			 `\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace` 
			 $$\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace$$ 
		
		
			 Angle brackets 
			 `\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle` 
			 $$\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle$$ 
		
		
			 Bars and double bars 
			 `\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|` 
			 $$\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|$$ 
		
		
			 Floor and ceiling functions: 
			 `\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil` 
			 $$\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil$$ 
		
		
			 Slashes and backslashes 
			 `\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash` 
			 $$\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash$$ 
		
		
			 Up, down and up-down arrows 
			 `\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow` 
			 $$\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow$$ 
		
		
			 Delimiters can be mixed,
as long as \left and \right match 
			 `\left 
			 `\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X` 
			 $$\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X$$ 
		
		
			 Size of the delimiters 
			 `\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg \bigg] \Big] \big]/` 
			 $$\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]$$ 
		
		
			 . 
			 `\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle` 
			 $$\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle$$ 
		
		
			 . 
			 `\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|` 
			 $$\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|$$ 
		
		
			 . 
			 `\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil` 
			 $$\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil$$ 
		
		
			 . 
			 `\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow` 
			 $$\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow$$ 
		
		
			 . 
			 `\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow` 
			 $$\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow$$ 
		
		
			 . 
			 `\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash` 
			 $$\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash$$ 
		
	
 Alphabets and typefaces 
Texvc cannot render arbitrary Unicode characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below. For others, such as Cyrillic, they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.

	
		
			 Greek alphabet
		
		
			 `\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta` 
			 $$\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu` 
			 $$\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau` 
			 $$\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega` 
			 $$\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta` 
			 $$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu` 
			 $$\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau` 
			 $$\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega` 
			 $$\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa` 
			 $$\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi` 
			 $$\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Blackboard Bold/Scripts
		
		
			 `\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}` 
			 $$\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}` 
			 $$\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}` 
			 $$\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}` 
			 $$\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 boldface (vectors)
		
		
			 `\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}` 
			 $$\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}` 
			 $$\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}` 
			 $$\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}` 
			 $$\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}` 
			 $$\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}` 
			 $$\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}` 
			 $$\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}` 
			 $$\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}` 
			 $$\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}` 
			 $$\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Boldface (greek)
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}` 
			 $$\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Italics
		
		
			 `\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}` 
			 $$\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}` 
			 $$\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}` 
			 $$\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}` 
			 $$\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}` 
			 $$\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}` 
			 $$\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}` 
			 $$\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}` 
			 $$\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}` 
			 $$\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}` 
			 $$\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Roman typeface
		
		
			 `\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}` 
			 $$\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}` 
			 $$\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}` 
			 $$\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}` 
			 $$\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}` 
			 $$\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}` 
			 $$\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}` 
			 $$\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}` 
			 $$\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}` 
			 $$\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}` 
			 $$\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Fraktur typeface
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}` 
			 $$\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Calligraphy/Script
		
		
			 `\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}` 
			 $$\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}` 
			 $$\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}` 
			 $$\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T} \,\!$$ 
		
		
			 `\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}` 
			 $$\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}\,\!$$ 
		
		
			 Hebrew
		
		
			 `\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth` 
			 $$\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth\,\!$$ 
		
	
 Formatting issues 
 Spacing 
Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.

	
		
			 Feature 
			 Syntax 
			 How it looks rendered 
		
		
			 double quad space 
			 a \qquad b 
			 $$a \qquad b$$ 
		
		
			 quad space 
			 a \quad b 
			 $$a \quad b$$ 
		
		
			 text space 
			 a\ b 
			 $$a\ b$$ 
		
		
			 text space without PNG conversion 
			 a \mbox{ } b 
			 $$a \mbox{ } b$$ 
		
		
			 large space 
			 a\;b 
			 $$a\;b$$ 
		
		
			 medium space 
			 a\>b 
			 (not supported) 
		
		
			 small space 
			 a\,b 
			 $$a\,b$$ 
		
		
			 no space 
			 ab 
			 $$ab\,$$ 
		
		
			 small negative space 
			 a\!b 
			 $$a\!b$$ 
		
	

			
				Creado en 11 Oct 2023, Última modificación 11 Oct 2023

Help: Wiki Math

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Wiki

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Displaying a Formula

Syntax

Pros of HTML

Pros of TeX

Example Formulas

Functions, symbols, special characters

Accents/Diacritics

Standard functions

Modular arithmetic

Derivatives

Sets

Operators

Logic

Root

Relations

Geometric

Arrows

Special

Unsorted (new stuff)

Larger Expressions

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars

Alphabets and typefaces

Formatting issues

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`\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}`	$$\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}$$
`\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}`	$$\ \check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}$$

`\sin a \cos b \tan c`	$$\ \sin a \cos b \tan c$$
`\sec d \csc e \cot f`	$$\sec d \csc e \cot f\,\!$$
`\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j`	$$\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j\,\!$$
`\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n`	$$\ \sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n$$
`\operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q`	$$\ \operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q$$
`\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t`	$$\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t\,\!$$
`\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y`	$$\ \lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y$$
`\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g`	$$\ \inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g$$
`\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n`	$$\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n\,\!$$

`s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}`	$$s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}\,\! $$
`a\,\bmod\,b`	$$a\,\bmod\,b\,\!$$

`\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing`	$$\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing\,\!$$
`\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq`	$$\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq\,\!$$
`\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus`	$$\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus\,\!$$
`\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup`	$$\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup\,\!$$

`+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp – `	$$+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - \,\!$$
`\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot`	$$\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot\,\!$$
`\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}`	$$\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}\,\!$$

`\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p`	$$\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p\,\!$$
`\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And`	$$\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And\,\!$$

`\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}`	$$\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\,\!$$
`\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto`	$$\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto\,\!$$

`\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \not\to \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow`	$$\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \not\to \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,\!$$
`\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)`	$$\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \,\!$$
`\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow`	$$\ \uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow$$
`\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons`	$$\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\!$$
`\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright`	$$\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\!$$
`\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft`	$$\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\!$$
`\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow `	$$\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,\!$$

`\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots`	$$\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots\,\!$$
`\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top`	$$\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top\,\!$$
`\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar`	$$\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar\,\!$$
`\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement`	$$\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement\,\!$$
`\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp`	$$\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp\,\!$$

`\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown`	$$ \vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown$$
`\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge`	$$\ \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge$$
`\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes`	$$ \veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes$$
`\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant`	$$ \rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant$$
`\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq`	$$ \eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq$$
`\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft`	$$ \fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft$$
`\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot`	$$ \Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot$$
`\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq`	$$ \ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq$$
`\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork`	$$ \Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork$$
`\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq`	$$ \varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq$$
`\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid`	$$ \lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid$$
`\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr`	$$ \nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr$$
`\subsetneq`	$$\subsetneq$$
`\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq`	$$ \ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq$$
`\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq`	$$ \succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq$$
`\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq`	$$ \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq$$
`\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus`	$$\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus\,\!$$
`\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq`	$$\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq\,\!$$
`\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel`	$$\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel\,\!$$
`\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner`	$$\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner$$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Bad	`( \frac{1}{2} )`	$$( \frac{1}{2} )$$
Good	`\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )`	$$\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )$$

Greek alphabet
`\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta`	$$\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \,\!$$
`\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu`	$$\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \,\!$$
`\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau`	$$\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau\,\!$$
`\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega`	$$\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega \,\!$$
`\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta`	$$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \,\!$$
`\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu`	$$\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \,\!$$
`\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau`	$$\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau \,\!$$
`\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega`	$$\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \,\!$$
`\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa`	$$\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa \,\!$$
`\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi`	$$\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi\,\!$$
Blackboard Bold/Scripts
`\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}`	$$\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G} \,\!$$
`\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}`	$$\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M} \,\!$$
`\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}`	$$\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T} \,\!$$
`\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}`	$$\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}\,\!$$
boldface (vectors)
`\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}`	$$\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}`	$$\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}`	$$\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}`	$$\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}`	$$\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}`	$$\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}`	$$\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}`	$$\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}`	$$\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4} \,\!$$
`\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}`	$$\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}\,\!$$
Boldface (greek)
`\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}`	$$\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta} \,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}`	$$\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}`	$$\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}`	$$\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}`	$$\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}`	$$\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}`	$$\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}`	$$\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}\,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}`	$$\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa} \,\!$$
`\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}`	$$\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}\,\!$$
Italics
`\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}`	$$\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G} \,\!$$
`\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}`	$$\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M} \,\!$$
`\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}`	$$\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T} \,\!$$
`\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}`	$$\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z} \,\!$$
`\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}`	$$\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g} \,\!$$
`\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}`	$$\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m} \,\!$$
`\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}`	$$\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t} \,\!$$
`\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}`	$$\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z} \,\!$$
`\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}`	$$\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4} \,\!$$
`\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}`	$$\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}\,\!$$
Roman typeface
`\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}`	$$\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}`	$$\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}`	$$\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}`	$$\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}`	$$\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}\,\!$$
`\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}`	$$\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}`	$$\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}`	$$\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}`	$$\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4} \,\!$$
`\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}`	$$\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}\,\!$$
Fraktur typeface
`\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}`	$$\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}`	$$\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}`	$$\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}`	$$\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}`	$$\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}`	$$\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}`	$$\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}`	$$\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}`	$$\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4} \,\!$$
`\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}`	$$\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}\,\!$$
Calligraphy/Script
`\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}`	$$\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G} \,\!$$
`\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}`	$$\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M} \,\!$$
`\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}`	$$\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T} \,\!$$
`\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}`	$$\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}\,\!$$
Hebrew
`\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth`	$$\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth\,\!$$