Black Confraternity Members Performing Afro-Christian Identity in a Renaissance Festival in Mexico City in 1539

By Miguel A. Valerio

In February 1539, Mexico City was the stage of a lavish two-day festival meant to commemorate the Truce of Nice, signed the year before between Emperor Charles V and King Francis I of France at Aigues-Mortes. In this article, I analyze Bernal Díaz…

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Version 1.0 - published on 11 Feb 2026

Licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0

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